Management of hemoptysis in inflammatory chest diseases

Hemoptysis is defined as the expectoration of blood or blood-stained sputum originating from the lung or the bronchus. Non-malignant and inflammatory causes of hemoptysis are more common in developing countries than in developed countries. The etiology of hemoptysis can affect the treatment strategy. The primary treatment options include medical management, embolization, and surgery. In case surgery is required for a patient, sublobar resections and minimally invasive surgery is preferable. In this article, we discuss the etiology of hemoptysis and the treatment strategies using case studies.