Surgical management of benign hilar or interlobar lymphadenopathy

Video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) has changed our thoughts on pulmonary diseases and therefore reformed routine practice dramatically around the world. Since first launch of VATS lobectomy 20 years ago, expertise has been growing mature accompany with rapid development of techniques and instruments. Traditional three ports or four ports access remains as mainstream practice, recent developed two ports or single port thoracoscopic surgery becomes a new darling of fashion in some high volume medical centers. Whatever the access routes evolves with time, surgical safety is always the key part of concern for medical professionals.