This issue guest edited by Dr. Ricardo M. Terra and Dr. Paula A. Ugalde, is dedicated to discuss the status of Minimally Invasive Thoracic Surgery in Brazil including lung, mediastinum and esophageal surgery. In particular, we will review current evidence, share the experiences of top institutes from Brazil, giving suggestions and implications for the medical practitioners to enhance the patient’s experience, reduce postoperative complications, and decrease length of stay..